We are drawing to the close of an amazingly geeky year! We’ve been wowed by leaps forward in Generative AI, discovered a new 41 million digit prime number, and seen an absolute ding-dong battle for the world chess championship. I feel we should wrap up my weekly Nerd News offerings for 2024 with some Christmas Calculus.
For over 30 years, as December 25 approaches, nerds like me have been circulating this hilarious analysis of “The Physics of Santa Claus”. There are a few different versions online, and this dates from at least 1993, so some population figures etc are probably a bit dated. But I think you’ll get the author’s drift.
I present for you, “The Physics of Santa Claus” – “a scientific analysis of the alleged phenomenon of Santa Claus, calculated with research help from a renowned scientific journal.” And please excuse the imperial measurements...
1.
No known species of reindeer can fly. BUT there are 300,000 species of living organisms yet to be classified, and while most of these are insects and germs, this does not COMPLETELY rule out flying reindeer which only Santa has ever seen.
2.
There are 2 billion children (persons under the age of 18) in the world. BUT since Santa doesn’t (appear) to handle the Muslim, Hindu, Jewish and Buddhist children, that reduces the workload to 15% of the total – 378 million according to Population Reference Bureau. At an average (Census) rate of 3.5 children per household, that’s 91.8 million homes. One presumes there’s at least one good child in each.
3.
Santa has 31 hours of Christmas to work with. This is due to the different time zones and the rotation of the earth, assuming he travels east to west (which seems logical). This works out to 822.6 visits per second.
This is to say that for each Christian household with good children, Santa has .001 seconds to park, hop out of the sleigh, jump down the chimney, fill the stockings, distribute the remaining presents under the tree, eat whatever snacks have been left, get back up the chimney, get back into the sleigh and move on to the next house.
Assuming that each of these 91.8 million stops are evenly distributed around the earth (which, of course, we know to be false but for the purposes of our calculations we will accept), we are now talking about .78 miles per household, a total trip of 75.5 million miles; not counting stops to do what most of us must do at least once every 31 hours, plus feeding, etc.
So Santa’s sleigh must be moving at 650 miles per second, 3,000 times the speed of sound. For purposes of comparison, the fastest man-made vehicle on earth, the Ulysses space probe, moves at a poky 27.4 miles per second. A conventional reindeer can run, tops, 15 miles per hour.
4.
The payload on the sleigh adds another interesting element. Assuming that each child receives nothing more than a medium-sized Lego set (2 pounds), the sleight is carrying 321,300 tons, not counting Santa, who is invariably described as overweight.
On land, conventional reindeer can pull no more than 300 pounds. Even granting that “flying reindeer” could pull 10 TIMES the normal amount, we cannot do the job with 8, or even 9 reindeer. We need 214,200. This increases the payload – not counting the weight of the sleigh – to 353,430 tons. This is four times the weight of the ocean-liner Queen Elizabeth.
5.
Of course, 353,000 tons traveling at 650 miles per second creates enormous air resistance. This will heat the reindeer up in the same fashion as a spacecraft re-entering the earth’s atmosphere. The lead pair of reindeer will absorb 14.3 QUINTILLION joules of energy. Per second. Each.
In short, they will burst into flame almost instantaneously, exposing the reindeer behind them, and create deafening sonic booms in their wake. The entire reindeer team will be vaporized within .00426 of a second. Meanwhile, Santa, will be subjected to centrifugal forces 17,500.06 times greater than gravity. A 250-pound Santa (which seems ludicrously slim) would be pinned to the back of his sleigh by 4,315,015 pounds of force.
If Santa ever DID deliver presents on Christmas Eve, he’s dead now.
Now for anyone traumatised by these findings...
There are several rebuttals online, some by eminent professors of physics, explaining how Santa, using everything from robotic arms to quantum gravity can overcome the bounds of physics and easily provide every child who has been good, with a Christmas gift. And there’s always personal experience. I mean, who else could have known I wanted a BMX bike in 1982?
And to any other doubters, take it from NASA themselves:
This is the text of an exchange between Ken Mattingly (CAPCOM Houston) and Jim Lovell (Astronaut Apollo 8):
089:32:50 Mattingly: Apollo 8, Houston. [No answer.]
089:33:38 Mattingly: Apollo 8, Houston.
089:34:16 Lovell: Houston, Apollo 8, over.
089:34:19 Mattingly: Hello, Apollo 8. Loud and clear.
089:34:25 Lovell: Roger. Please be informed there is a Santa Claus.
089:34:31 Mattingly: That’s affirmative. You’re the best ones to know.
That’s all from me for now. If you'd like more geeky fun, please check out my other newsletters below, or connect with me on LinkedIn and/or X.
Have a wonderful Christmas and a Nerdy New Year,
Adam
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